Although it has long been agreed upon that the early spread of Buddhism is closely linked to the process of urbanisation in Early Historic South Asia, the impact of this relation on transformations of Buddhist spaces and practices throughout South Asia remains considerably under-theorised and under-researched. Based on the two case studies of Mes Aynak (Afghanistan, 3rd -7th centuries CE) and Barikot (NW Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries CE) this talk intends to explore the material and spatial outcomes of the entanglements between Buddhism and the urban and rural sociospatial contexts of north-western South Asia. By using the concept of spatial capital as an analytical tool Iori examines how the geographical assets held by Buddhist monastic institutions in the countryside affected the economic and social mobility of urban actors in the cities.